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Wednesday, September 21, 2011

Differntial Diagnosis Of Ophthalmology Diseases


Causes of Common Ocular Symptoms and Signs


Sudden painless loss of vision
  • Central retinal artery occlusion
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Vitreous haemorrhage
  • Retinal detachment involving macula
  • Central serous chorioretinopathy
  • Optic neuritis
  • Corneal hydrops in keratoconus
  • Dislocation of lens
Sudden Painful Loss of vision
  • Keratitis
  • Acute iridocyclitis
  • Acute congestive glaucoma
  • Chemical injury
  • Mechanical injury

Gradual painless loss of vision
  • Cataract
  • Keratoconus
  • Corneal degeneration e.g. band karatopathy
  • Corneal dystrophy e.g. macular dystrophy
  • Optic atrophy
  • Chorioretinal degeneration
  • Age-related macular degeneration
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Progressive pterygium involving papillary area

Gradual painful visual loss
  • Keratitis
  • Chronic iridocyclitis
  • Scleritis
Transient loss of vision (Amaurosis fugax)
  • Carotid artery disease
  • Prodromal symptom of CRAO
  • Papilloedema
  • Giant cell arteritis
  • Migraine

Uniocular diplopia
  • Dislocated lens
  • Immature cataract
  • Double pupil

Binocular diplopia (Triplopia)
  • Paralytic squint
                -               Third nerve palsy
                -               Fourth nerve palsy
                -               Sixth nerve palsy
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Thyroid opthalmopathy
  • Blow out fracture

Colored halos
  • Acute congestive glaucoma
  • Early stage of cataract
  • Mucopurulent conjunctivitis

Night blindness
  • Vitamin A deficiency
  • Retinitis pigmentosa and other tapetoretinal degeneration
  • Congenital night blindness
  • Primary open angle glaucoma advanced stage
  • Peripheral cortical cataract
  • Retinal Photo-coagulation

Day Blindness
  • Central nuclear or polar cataract
  • Central corneal opacity
  • Central vitreous opacity
  • Congenital deficiency of cones

Difficulty in near work

  • Hypermetropia
  • Presbyopia
  • Dilated pupil
  • Internal or total opthalmoplegia
  • Insufficiency of accommodation

Floaters (black spots moving in front of the eye)
  • Vitreous hemorrhage
  • Vitreous degeneration
  • Choroiditis (exudate in vitreous)
  • Posterior vitreous detachment
Photopsia (Flashes of light in front of the eyes)
  • Posterior vitreous detachment
  • Prodromal symptom of retinal detachment
  • Vitreous traction bands

Red Eye
  • Conjunctives
  • Keratitis
  • Iridocyclitis
  • Acute congestive glaucoma
  • Episcleritis
  • Scleritis
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage
  • Corneal foreign body
  • Endophthalmitis
  • Panophthalmitis

Painful Red Eye
  • Keratitis
  • Iridocyclitis
  • Acute congestive glaucoma
  • Scleritis
  • Corneal foreign body

Lacrimation
  • Trichiasis
  • Entropion
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Keratitis
  • Iridocyclitis
  • Acute congestive glaucoma

Epiphora
  • Punctum block
  • Canalicular block
  • Nasolacrimal dust obstruction
  • Ectropion

Circumcorneal congestion (ciliary injection)
  • Keratitis
  • Acute Iridocyclitis
  • Acute glaucoma
  • Corneal foreign body

Conjunctival Follicles
  • Viral conjunctivitis
  • Chlamydial conjunctivitis
  • Hypersensitivity to topical medication

Conjunctival Papillae
  • Trachoma
  • Allergic conjunctivitis
  • Contact lens wear

Superficial Corneal Vascularization
  • Trachoma
  • Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis
  • Rosacea keratitis
  • Superficial corneal ulcer

Deep Corneal Vascularization
  • Interstitial keratitis
  • Deep corneal ulcer
  • Chemical burns
  • After keratoplasty

Shallow Anterior Chamber
  • Hypermetropia
  • Primary angle-closure glaucoma
  • Malignant glaucoma
  • Postoperative shallow anterior chamber
  • Corneal perforation
  • Intumescent cataract

Deep Anterior Chamber
  • Myopia
  • Aphakia
  • Keratoglobus
  • Keratoconus

Rubeosis Iridis (Neovascularization of Iris)
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Eale’s disease
  • Sickle cell retinopathy
  • Retinoblastoma

Hyphaema
  • Ocular injury
  • Postoperative
  • Herpes zoster iritis
  • Intraocular tumor
  • Rubeosis iritis

Hypopyon
  • Bacterial corneal ulcer
  • Fungal corneal ulcer
  • Iridocyclitis
  • Endophthalmitis
  • Panophthalmitis
  • Pseudonymous

Miotic Pupil
  • Pharmacological (Pilocarpine)
  • Systemic use of morphine
  • Horner's syndrome
  • Head injury (pontine hemorrhage)
  • Argyll Roberston pupil

Mydriatic pupil
  • Sympathomimetic drugs (Phenylephrine, Adrenaline)
  • Parasympatholytic drugs (Mydriacyl, Atropine)
  • Traumatic iridoplegia
  • Acute congestive glaucoma
  • Third nerve paralysis

Leukoria (Whitish Reflex in papillary area)
  • Congenital cataract
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
  • Retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathy of prematurity)
  • Retrolental fibroplasia
  • Toxocara endophthalmitis
  • Coat’s disease

Marcus Gunn Pupil (Afferent Pupillary Defect)
  • Optic neuritis
  • Optic atrophy
  • Central retinal artery occlusion
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Total retinal detachment

Sublexation of Lens
  • Trauma
  • Marfan’s syndrome
  • Homocystinuria
  • Weill – Marchesani syndrome

Cherry Red spot
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Tay - Sachs’ disease
  • Niemann - Pick’s disease
  • Commotion retinae

Retinal Hemorrhage
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Hypertensive retinopathy
  • Central retinal artery occlusion
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Eale’s disease
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Retinopathy of AIDS
  • Age related macular degeneration

Cotton Wool Spots (Soft exudate) in Retina
  • Hypertensive retinopathy
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Retinopathy of AIDS

Hard exudate on the Retina
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Hypertensive retinopathy
  • Retinal vein occlusion (old)
  • Papilloedema
  • Coat’s disease

Neovascularization of Retina
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Central retinal artery occlusion
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Branch retinal vein occlusion
  • Sickle cell retinopathy
  • Eale’s disease

Tubular Vision
  • Glaucoma in advanced age
  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Pan-retinal photo-coagulation

Central Scotoma
  • Optic neuritis
  • Compressive optic neuropathy
  • Tobacco amblyopia
  • Macular hole

Bitemporal Hemianopia
  • Pituitary tumor
  • Suprasellar aneurysm
  • Craniopharygioma
  • Glioma of third ventricle

Homonymous Hemianopia
  • Optic tract lesions
  • Lateral geniculate body lesions
  • Lesions involving total fibers of optic radiation
  • Visual cortex lesions (usually sparing of macula)

Disc Edema
  • Pappillitis
  • Papilloedema
  • Ocular hypotony
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Tumors of optic nerve
  • Thyroid opthalmopathy
  • Metastasis – leukemia

Papilledema
  • Intracranial space occupying lesions – tumor’ abscess and cyst
  • Impaired CSF circulation – aqueduct stenosis
  • Meningitis
  • Benign intracranial hypertension
  • Malignant systemic hypertension
  • Vitamin A toxicity



Related key terms:
Differntial Diagnosis Of Ophthalmology Diseases
Differential Diagnosis Of eye Diseases

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