Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Causes, Signs And Symptoms. Treatment and Preventions of Diabetes Mellitus

 

Why it's going to be the most common disease now a days, How we combat this enemy?

Diabetes is a disease in which the body doesn't produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas, an organ near the stomach. Insulin is needed to turn sugar and other food into energy. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as well as it should, or both. This causes sugars to build up too high in your blood.

Diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting blood glucose of 126 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or more.

“Pre-diabetes” is a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet diabetic. 

   Types Of Diabetes Mellitus

1.  Type 1
2. Type 2

  

   Complications Of  Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes can cause many complications.

Acute complications (hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma) may occur if the disease is not adequately controlled.

 Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease (doubled risk), chronic renal failure (diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of dialysis in developed world adults), retinal damage (which can lead to blindness and is the most significant cause of adult blindness in the non-elderly in the developed world), nerve damage (of several kinds), and microvascular damage, which may cause erectile dysfunction (impotence) and poor healing. Poor healing of wounds, particularly of the feet, can lead to gangrene which can require amputation — the leading cause of non-traumatic amputation in adults in the developed world. 

    Prevelence

Diabetes is the third leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease and cancer. Over time, diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage. These types of damage are the result of damage to small vessels, referred to as microvascular disease. Diabetes is also an important factor in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), leading to strokes, coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases. This is referred to as macrovascular disease. Diabetes affects approximately 17 million people (about 8% of the population) in the United States. In addition, an estimated additional 12 million people in the United States have diabetes and don't even know it. 

Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)—is due to a combination of defective insulin secretion and insulin resistance or reduced insulin sensitivity (defective responsiveness of tissues to insulin), which almost certainly involves the insulin receptor in cell membranes. In the early stage the predominant abnormality is reduced insulin sensitivity, characterized by elevated levels of insulin in the blood. Gestational diabetes also involves a combination of inadequate insulin secretion It develops during pregnancy and may improve or disappear after delivery. Even though it may be transient, gestational diabetes may damage the health of the fetus or mother, and about 20%–50% of women with gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes later in life.Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in about 2%–5% of all pregnancies

   Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

DM has a lot of symptoms but the simplest answer is: The "THREE Ps"

1. polyuria - you have to pee a lot 
2. polydipsia - you're always thirsty
3. polyphagia - you always have the urge to eat, even if you've only recently eaten
4. Frequent urination : lead to dehydration because excreting the sugar carries a large amount of water out of the body along with it. 
5. Unexplained weight loss occurs also because of losing sugar and water in the urine and the accompanying dehydration. weight loss occurs because body is unable to use those calories even tough consuming appropriate diet or even in excess amounts.
6. Extreme hunger or excessive eating : higher insulin levels lead to increased hunger and eating. one of the functions of the insulin is to stimulate hunger resulting. person might gain little or no. 
7. Fatigue 
8. Smeared Vision in type 2 Diabetics

   Difference between Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes mellitus. Associated with glycosuria (excessive sweet urine). Diabetes insipidus. The urine is not sweet(without taste). Caused by kidney or pituitary gland damage. Noninfectious disease. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Body systems affected: Nerves. Digestion. Circulation. Endocrine. Urinary.

   Treatment

Treating diabetes is best carried out during the early stages of the disease when the consequences can still be controlled and minimized. Such an approach will require an early determination of diabetic symptoms and also by insulin injections.

Causes And Symptoms Of Diabetic Foot. Photo Collection Of Diabetic Foot

 

 

Posted in: GASTROINTEROLOGY